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Analysis Of The Poem The Colonel By Carolyn Forche

Every person would like fair treatment but, in our communities, we find that some individuals do not get fair judgment regarding some issues. The topic of justice has been talked about by many individuals in our societies. Writers too have not been left out in telling about the same issue. Authors of different genres work very hard to try to help create a just society. These authors do so by using different themes in their works to let us see how our society is unjust and also what we can do to ensure justice is in practice. This essay discusses the topic of justice as displayed in the poem â€Å"The Colonel† by Carolyn Forche, the play. â€Å"No Crime† by Billy Goda, and the story â€Å"The Lottery â€Å"by Shirley Jackson. Practicing justice In the poem â€Å"The Colonel† by Carolyn Forche, the narrator is acting as a witness in a case where the colonel is a victim. The narrator gives us a description of how things were during the visit at colonel’s house. Everything was well when they were having the dinner. Colonel and the narrator had something to talk about how it has become so hard to govern. After the wife of the Colonel takes away everything after the dinner was complete. Colonel has a secret that he has to reveal to the narrator. A surprise hits the narrator after the colonel brought a sack and dumped several human ears on the table. Colonel talks arrogantly regarding the people who were likely to be the victims where he tells the narrator that â€Å"they go and fuck themselves,† (Forche,1289)Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Colonel By Carolyn Forche, The Play `` And `` The Lottery ``1220 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferently in the poem â€Å"The Colonel† by Carolyn Forche, the p lay. â€Å"No Crime† by Billy Goda, and the story â€Å"The Lottery â€Å"by Shirley Jackson. In the poem â€Å"The Colonel† by Carolyn Forche, the narrator is acting as a witness in a case where the colonel is a victim. The theme right to justice seems to be the author’s objective for composing the poem. From the poem, the issue of justice is seen in the first sentence where the narrator says it was true since he or she was in his house. (Forche,1289). The narrator

Either Republican or Democrat Free Essays

At this very moment, our political system has become so polarized that a person must be either a Republican or Democrat. Both sides of the aisle are having trouble to communicate with each other to reach a compromise. Today, the Democrats have become too far left and the Republicans are too far right. We will write a custom essay sample on Either Republican or Democrat or any similar topic only for you Order Now If I must choose one party, I will choose the Democratic Party. I believe that the government should raise the minimum wage to $15, free college tuition, women having a choice when it comes with their bodies, and immigrants having the opportunity to live in the greatest country in the world, the United States of America. A lot Of Americans are going through hard times. Everything has become so expensive that with the national wage of $7.25 is not enough. People are working through multiple jobs to make ends meets. For example, my father works three jobs. Two jobs are full time and the other one is part time. Each job pays $10 an hour. Ten dollars compare to the national average seems better, but where my family lives is not enough. My father is the one responsible for paying for mortgages, food, insurance and my education. He is putting his health on the line to give me the opportunity to have a higher education. Back during an assignment for Government 2305, I propose a law that will raise the minimum wage to $15. I believe that if the national wage was $15, people can enjoy and have great opportunities to succeed in life. I hope one day, congress can pass a law that will raise the minimum wage. Public Education has become so expensive. After students graduate college, they will have tons of debt that it will take forever to pay off. For students that are going to college, free tuition is a great idea. I believe that having free tuition will help many families who are struggling financially. Even with scholarships, students are having hard time paying for college. The proposals from Senator Bernie Sanders appeals to me. Free college tuition for me is an awesome idea and will save me money especially when I want to go to medical school for me to become a dermatologist. Sanders proposals for free college tuition has taken a lot of criticism from republicans because it will increase the federal deficit, but the tax cuts they just pass will increase the deficit to one million dollars. Even with criticism, I believe one-day congress will make free college tuition a reality. Women’s rights are one of the issues that is getting attention especially with the possibility of a repeal of the decision of Roe v Wade that made abortion during the first trimester legal. With the nomination for a new Supreme Court justice, women are worry that they will not have the ability to control their bodies. I believe that women should have the right to decide what to do with their bodies. I believe that women should have access to facilities that will help guide them through family planning, birth control, and safe abortions. If I ever become pregnant, I would not have an abortion personally, but that will be my choice not the government’s. Women have fought so hard over the years that they don’t want the government to take away the rights they have gained. Immigration has become the heated debate between Democrats and Republicans. President Donald Trump is constantly bringing illegal immigration as the reason for the crimes going on around the country. There have incidents that where undocumented immigrants have been charge with murder, but that doesn’t mean that every immigrant is a criminal. Immigrants are what made the United States of America. Immigrants work day and night to provide for their families. I believe that undocumented immigrants should have a path to citizenship only if they have no criminal record. They should have the same opportunity that Europeans had when they first arrived at the United States. Immigrants are in the country in search of the American Dream and no skin color should prohibit that from happening. I do consider myself a Democrat. I didn’t vote in the 2016 election because it was my belief that Hillary Clinton would win the elections. Unfortunately, Donald Trump was elected. Midterm elections are coming up, and I will be voting for the Democratic party. Democrats should take control of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Hopefully, the state of Texas could one day turn blue. How to cite Either Republican or Democrat, Papers

medical malpractice Argumentative Essay Example For Students

medical malpractice Argumentative Essay Medical Malpractice:Is Your Care Below Standard?Imagine yourself lying on an operating table, motionless, quiet. Above, you notice people standing over you. You try to speak but the words just cannot come out. Your arms feel as if they are plastered to the table. You begin to stand up but feel as if weights are strapped to your back and you are bound to the table. Suddenly you feel a sharp pain in your midsection. In and out, you see a surgeon slicing your body open with a scalpel. Every motion the masked person makes is as if you are being torn apart from the inside out. One would hope this would simply be a nightmare and they will wake up and everything will be fine. In this instance, this person will come to and realize that they had just gotten the surgery that they needed, while they were still conscious. This is not a horror story meant to scare anyone, this has actually happened on a number of occasions. People have actually woken up during there own surgery to all of the pain and the agony that would be expected of such a procedure. The only problem with that situation is, they cannot do anything about it because they are in a temporary paralysis. This is the sort of thing that can go wrong, among many other things, during a routine medical procedure. Not all cases are nearly as extreme as the one described, while others can be much more. Malpractice can be a difficult subject to understand. The word malpractice is used in many ways to describe different circumstances. The actual term negligence refers to the carelessness of a professional or an associate (Cazalas 17). Although each situation is looked upon by a case-by-case basis, there is a system in which carelessness is determined. Under the eyes of the law, there is a scale which measures whether or not a situation is considered to be carelessness or not. This scale is called the standard of care. The standard of care describes what a prudent person, who acts under circumstances that are similar to the ones in question, would do. This prudent person is nobody specific; it is just a fictional person made up by the legal system who is completely average in every way. This person is an average person who is equipped with the average skills and knowledge that pertains to this field of work, and also contains an average amount of judgment and common sense (Cazalas 19-23). The actions of what this average professional would do in this situation are used as a sort of measuring device to determine whether the actions taken by the professional in question were appropriate. If what the person in question did met the requirements of what the standard of care calls for, then there has been no account of negligence. There are four main points that actually make up negligence. There must first be a situation in which the standard of care must be given under the given circumstances. Failing to follow the standard of care begins the case of negligence. After not satisfactorily completing the standard, there is an apparent setup for harm to the patient resulting from this failure to meet the requirements of care. When an injury is inflicted on the patient, that relates to the standard of care being violated, and that seals the case. Those are the four ingredients needed to complete a case of negligence (Cazalas 18). There are two specific cases that show how the standard of care is used in the determination of cases in certain situations. They both take place in Canada, and they both pertain to nurses that had left their posts to go on there coffee breaks. One of these cases was proved to be negligent, while the other was proven not to be a case of negligence. These are both taken from the publication Nursing and the Law:In Child v. Vancouver General Hospital 71 W.W.R. 656(1969), the nurse left for a coffee break after the physician in charge had seen the patient who, as the physician later testified, appeared much improved. In deciding that the nurse was not negligent to leave such a patient unattended, the court emphasized that the question of liability should be determined in the light of the circumstances, as they existed at the time. When the nurse left the patient, it was not foreseeable that an increased risk to the patient would be created. (Cazalas 23)One can see that in this case the court ruled in favor of the nurse based on the fact that the situation was unforeseen. None of the people working in that facility could have been able to tell if something of great sincerity could happen while a patient is in improving health. Although it would have been ideal for someone to be there to see over the patient, nobody can be everywhere at once. In this next case it is not so simple. Military Policy EssayMedical malpractice is a very serious issue. Although not always life threatening, situations involving wrongdoing in the medical field can be physically as well as emotionally distressful. Maintaining an above average standard of care can help keep medical professionals out of trouble. Making sure communication is kept between oneself and ones health care provider will help make a more secure environment while undergoing any sort of medical procedure. Medicine should not be feared, being more informed of the facts will help deal with any problems that one may have. The standard of care must be maintained, and as long as it is everyone will be better off.

Turkish accession to the European Union

Philosophy of Music Education in the Indian Context Essays

Philosophy of Music Education in the Indian Context Essays Philosophy of Music Education in the Indian Context Essay Philosophy of Music Education in the Indian Context Essay These ends must be the first and first ground why we teach music. To transfuse an even greater apprehension and love of the sphere therefore enabling our pupils develop a echt involvement and go on a life long journey that’s undertaken in changing grades and through diverse functions. Phenix ( 1986 ) emphasis on the fact that cognition of methods makes it possible for a individual to go on larning and undertake enquiries on his ain ( p. 11 ) . Estelle Jorgenson in her book Transforming Music Education articulately describes the demand for music instruction to be transformed for the really ground that kids be able to go on developing their cognition beyond the schoolroom. Effective music instruction is built of a foundation that encompasses treatments. ends. stuffs and schemes. based on a teacher’s cognition and experience of music and kid development. educational guidelines and overarching. and developing doctrine of music education ( Fiske. 2012 ) . Before I elucidate my doctrine about music. I recognize the demand to clear up my base as a music pedagogue who is passionate and determined to promote the position of music instruction within schoolrooms around India. My Musical Experiences Music has ever been a portion of me for every bit long as I can retrieve. My earliest memories of music. particularly the public presentation facet. goes back to when I was three old ages old and sang a solo for a Christmas Concert that was organized by the wireless station that my male parent worked at. I have memories of him kneeling on one articulatio genus and playing the guitar for me while I sang after which I was delighted to have a large nowadays from Santa. Ever since. I have enjoyed acting. and have so felt so comfy on phase. All along I grew up listening to Christian Gospel music and many modern-day agreements of anthem. Auxiliary to that my male parent offered me a rich experience of Indian Hindu devotional music. I learned vocals by ear and didn’t realize what I was losing at this point. conceive ofing what I learned in music to be the lone manner to absorb and internalise it. Performing was something that I enjoyed making and it came of course to me. partially because of my early induction into taking worship at church. My true trial of endurance came about when I was introduced to Western Classical Music at the age of 14. through the survey of two old ages of piano. My instructor. like many others around. displayed an highly formalized attack and didn’t do much to spread out my apprehension of music beyond what was on the page and how I was supposed to read it. In response to this method I didn’t enjoy larning from the pages of notated music books. every bit much as I did larning by ear. and I continued to develop as a instrumentalist who played by ear and improvised at will. Analyzing opera during undergrad was a seeking stage for me because of my inability to connect the dots every bit easy as I should hold been able to. My aural accomplishments remained first-class and I sometimes relied on that to transport me through certain stages. Hard work and finding became my slogan. and I spent hours to understand and hone music that was assigned to me. as I wanted to make my really best. Although I had composed vocals earlier. without notating them. the survey of music theory opened up a whole new universe for me. I could now add assortment and profusion to my music through the constructs I was larning. Music became a new linguistic communication for me ; I was captivated by the manner it lent itself to diverse experiences through different musical functions ( something that I wasn’t cognizant of or didn’t wage attending to earlier ) . As a Music Teacher Although I ab initio joined a conservatory to analyze vocal public presentation. I found myself profoundly drawn towards music instruction. and during my 2nd semester decided to larn more about inventing meaningful and persuasive trategies to better the criterion of music instruction in India. This thought emerged from an apprehension that I had felt about cheated for holding lost out on so many old ages of analyzing music officially. yet efficaciously. I didn’t have a pick because structured music direction merely wasn’t available at all the schools that I studied in. or the quality of direction didn’t serve the intent of educating or informing pupils like me. What gave the feeling of a music class/lesson at school was in world an enthusiastic manner of maintaining pupils occupied for 40 proceedingss in simple vocalizing. with a concert for parents every one time a twelvemonth. We learned vocals by rote to execute them. twelvemonth after twelvemonth. During those old ages though. I didn’t recognize the restrictions that this system came with and continued to bask the fact that I was in choir and able to sing. This vacuity remains mostly seeable and unattended to in schools today. although some music pedagogues in the recent yesteryear have taken immense stairss towards bettering the quality and effectivity of their direction in schoolrooms around India. Their attempts nevertheless remain preponderantly an enthusiastic enterprise. What is desperately required is surely something much more than sincere learning. It calls for a transmutation of the present system. giving room for every kid to have superior music instruction that fits into the whole. The demand of every pupil being met in a transformed educational model that invariably reshapes itself to suit new thoughts and schemes. After all. as Regelski ( 2003 ) justly points out that music ( music instruction ) is for everyone and non merely for an elect few. The turning point in my determination to eventually learn music myself came about when I enrolled my four-year-old girl. Tiara. for after-school piano lessons. I hoped to give her a head start. with the apprehension that she needn’t have to confront the same challenges in larning music. like I had to. However. after a few categories. I realized to my complete dissatisfaction that there was no construction. no idea and imaginativeness. and no lucidity in what was being thought to her. Her fingering on the piano was all over the topographic point for the two vocals that her instructor worked on Twinkle. Twinkle Little Star. And Baa Baa Black Sheep Her instructor ( I subsequently learned wasn’t introduced to classical notation ) . taught her these vocals by composing letters in a book and teaching her to perpetrate it to bosom. Lesson after lesson they would follow the same lineation with no accent on any other musical facets whatsoever. I decided I wasn’t traveling to take this lying down! I had to make all within my capacity to alter the face of music instruction. as the huge bulk of people understand it. I began analyzing about music instruction as good. to inform and fit myself for the undertaking at manus. Around this period. my voice teacher encouraged me to train pupils in voice. and I began shying off from it believing I was under qualified and needed many old ages of survey to get down learning. However. with a newfound passion and energy. I accepted to training some of his voice pupils and besides began to learn little groups of pupils on the history of music ( because I loved larning about it ) . Meanwhile. I started developing both my immature girls at place invariably developing new thoughts and schemes to present musical constructs to them. A friend noticed my instruction manner and asked if I would learn her girl excessively. and therefore began my professional journey as a music pedagogue. Four old ages since so. I find myself accountable for the music direction I offer to over 250 kids across assorted age groups. who are portion of my school. The demand is so great within schools. and merely a few pedagogues are willing to take the excess attempt of educating themselves and being channels of superior music instruction-catalysts of kinds. I am blessed to hold a squad of 10 instructors who portion in my vision and work aboard me in leaving music to the kids who are portion of our music school. Harmony . My long-run vision is to heighten the music plans in India for the improvement of as many kids as possible. Persons don’t realize what they’re losing until they’ve been given a gustatory sensation of it. a glance of the bigger image ( much like my instance ) . Through our school public presentations I aim on supplying a window for the alteration to take topographic point. A transmutation that non merely affects my pupils. but others around them every bit good through their personal interactions with each other and the community as a whole. My Personal Philosophy A field or subject without philosophical counsel. without critically examined ideals and committedness to their alteration in visible radiation of the diverse and altering demands of those it seeks to function. is more kindred to an business han a profession ( Bowman A ; Frega. 2012. p. 23 ) . For my vision to bear fruit and demo grounds of going something concrete. I realize the demand to develop my doctrine of music to an extent that equips me with the necessity tools to be able to originate the alteration that I seek after. In the words of Jorgenson ( 2008 ) . I want to unearth beneath the superficial and incontrovertible accomplishments to believe about the thoughts and rules of music instruction. the things that drive and shape . Harmonizing to Kivy ( 2002 ) . A pattern or subject or organic structure of cognition. so. seems to go eligible’ ( If that is the right word ) for doctrine. decently so–called. when it becomes for us a manner of life: when it cuts so profoundly into our natures as human existences that we are impelled to research and uncover its innermost workings ( p. 7 ) . It is necessary for me to clarify the major dimensions of musical experience so I can effectively offer them to. and nurture them within. my pupils ( Reimer. 2003. p. 9 ) . this despite the passion and strong belief with which I teach and advocate the demand for humanistic disciplines in schools. I have begun to develop a interactive mentality in my doctrine of music instruction after my reading and researching the literature. coupled with practical experiences over the last few old ages. Reimer ( 2003 ) points out A interactive mentality is one unfastened to cooperation as an option to contention. to seeking for points of understanding or meeting as an option to fixating on strife. to acknowledging niceties in which apparently opposed positions are capable of some degree of contention ( p. 30 ) . I agree with Reimer’s democratic position that musical significance is intending that individuals choose to give to and take from music. based on their life experiences and their musical orientations. He farther adds that there is to be no one right way . and calls for an version of a interactive blend in music instruction. Music must affect determination doing through understanding and connexions within a peculiar function ( Reimer. 2003. p. 213 ) . Eisner ( 1987 ) illuminates the demand for a course of study that exploits the assorted signifiers of representation and that utilizes all of the senses to assist pupils larn what a period of history feels like ( p. 7 ) . Similarly. offering pupils a footing for understanding music in all contexts involves a thorough geographic expedition of musical significance within its unequivocal parametric quantities. along with contemplation or contemplation. Introducing pupils to the music and other art signifiers of assorted civilizations is a fantastic manner to broaden their apprehension of the significance of music. A pupil does non necessitate to lose his ain musical individuality in order to analyze other music. On the contrary. in larning about other music. a student’s life is enriched. Reimer provinces. In the spirit of adding to the ego instead than replacing other egos for one’s ego. the survey of the music of foreign civilizations enriches the psyches of all who are engaged in it ( p. 191 ) . Music and Meaning As advocators of music. music pedagogues are frequently expected to show the significance of music through words. yet words are incapable of genuinely depicting the beauty and emotion felt through experience. The concern is non to get at a definition and to shut the book. but to get at an experience ( Ciardi. 1975. p. ) . Ciardi states that there still lingers belief that a dictionary definition is a satisfactory description of an thought or of an experience ( p. 1 ) . Wordss may try to depict music. yet true significance must be derived from the existent music experience Reimer ( 2003 ) discusses the difference between significances drawn from words or linguistic communication and the significances found through music. He writes. Language is create d and shared through the procedures of conceptualisation and communicating. Music is created and shared through the procedure of artistic/aesthetic perceptual structuring. giving significances linguistic communication can non represent ( p. 133 ) . The existent power of music lies in the fact that it can be true to the life of feeling in a manner that linguistic communication can non ( Langer. 1942. p. 197 ) . Phenix ( 1986 ) highlights the demand to look for aesthetic significance in music concluding that at that place has to be a delicate balance between descriptive proposition that serves the intent of puting out a historical background and leting for freedom to derive perceptual characteristics. Though music may arouse emotions in my pupils as they compose or serve as an mercantile establishment for their feelings when they perform. the ultimate significance of music lies in its ability to symbolize/portray profoundly felt emotions. In the pages of his article. How Does a Poem Mean. John Ciardi ( 1975 ) portions with the reader his position that linguistic communication is non capable of wholly conveying the significance that is discovered through experience. Populating through the poesy is more powerful than trying to construe it. I believe that linguistic communication does. nevertheless. function a intent of heightening and is required when learning for musical significance. Wordss such as enunciation. metaphor. beat. and antagonistic beat describe elements that lead to the apprehension of signifier. Once a pupil can place alterations in the signifier through public presentation. he will hold identified the verse form in action ( p. 95 ) . He will no longer inquire what the verse form means but will see how it means ( p. 95 ) . Ciardi suggests inquiries such as. Why does it construct itself into a signifier out of images. thoughts. rhythms? How make these elements become the significance? and How are they inseparable from the significance? ( p. 100 ) . These inquiries are helpful in taking a pupil to the ultimate meaningful experience. Similarly. music pupils may utilize their cognition of musical elements. such as beat and kineticss. to see how a piece of music agencies. Reimer ( 2003 ) says linguistic communication has the indispensable map of unwraping and explicating the music. Music elements are inseparable from the public presentation of the music as they help to explicate the musical experience. On their ain. nevertheless. words and definitions remain dull and exanimate. I believe pupils should be immersed in the experience. while in a chorus. executing their instruments and listening to those around them. Meaning can be discovered through active engagement in music and through the emotion and beauty the music portrays. for Music agencies whatever a individual experiences when involved with music ( Reimer. 2003. p. 133 ) . Ciardi’s ( 1975 ) statement: It is the experience. non the concluding scrutiny. that counts ( p. 3 ) is peculiarly dramatic. The Indian society topographic points high accent on scrutinies in music as with other topics. really frequently overlooking the demand for pupils to value their experience through the procedure of acquisition. I sometimes experience pressured by the community to run into high concert public presentation outlooks and good scrutiny consequences. Although I recognize that public presentation and the International music test is a fantastic chance in which pupils can portion their music with the community. or understand their degree of competence. the true contemplation of significance in the music should be experienced in daily music devising within my schoolroom. I do my best non to concentrate on the scrutiny repertory entirely but to include other music as good giving them a opportunity to pull out significances and see the music. Ciardi ( 1975 ) describes a verse form as a dynamic and living thing ( p. 10 ) . He continues saying. One experiences it as one experiences life. One is neer done with it: every clip he looks he sees something new. and it changes even as he watches ( p. 10 ) . Similarly. music is capable of uncovering something new each clip it is experienced. The significances my pupils derive from an initial hearing of a piece of music may be immensely different than the significances understood months or old ages subsequently. The significance of music constantly alterations with personal life experiences and new positions. Reimer claims. Music instruction exists to foster people’s potency to derive deeper. broader. more important musical meanings ( p. 133 ) . I believe my pupils should deduce their ain significances from the musical experience and without my influence. By explicating significances to them. I face the fright of projecting into limbo the jubilation of their ain alone experience with the music. much the same manner a linguistic communication instructor might. in more ways than one. take away from the experience of a pupils feelingful experience of poesy as she explains the significance in the poetries of the verse form. Alternatively of learning what music means. I will teach pupils on how music means. enabling them to deduce significance from experiences that occur beyond the schoolroom. and within their ain functions. Feeling through Music Music does for experiencing what linguistic communication does for thought ( Bowman. 1998. p. 200 ) . As a instrumentalist. I understand the power of music to arouse feelings. Listening to or executing a great work of music in a concert hall may convey cryings or icinesss to the instrumentalist in a manner that lone music is capable. Similarly. students’ emotional lives may be heightened by experiences in the schoolroom. Harmonizing to Reimer ( 2003 ) . the emotional dimension of music-its power to do us experience. and to know through feeling-is likely its most of import shaping characteristic ( p. 72 ) . In Western history. emotion has frequently been regarded less valuable than mind ( Reimer. 2003 ) . Some people do non see the humanistic disciplines to be every bit of import as other nucleus topics such as math and reading in instruction due to the belief that humanistic disciplines are based on emotions and non concluding or mind. Recently. nevertheless. scientific bookmans have begun to acknowledge that human intelligence. or knowledge. is exhibited in a assortment of signifiers. straight related to maps of the organic structure. and tied to experiencing. Dimensions of the head. one time thought to be separate and unrelated. are now known to work together. lending to the things we know and experience. Anthony Damasio. a research brain doctor. believes feeling is likely to be the cardinal factor in human consciousness itself and an indispensable ingredient in human cognition ( Reimer. 2003. p. 76 ) . The capacity to experience pervades and directs all we undergo as life. cognizant creatures ( p. 8 ) . Direct experiences of feeling are embodied in music and made available to the bodied experience of those engaged with it ( p. 80 ) . The usage of descriptive and symbolic linguistic communication in the schoolroom. in the instruction of a varied repertory of expressive music. AIDSs in pulling out these responses of experiencing from pupils. Including music that is heavy and loud or delicate and light will convey out an array of feelings. I believe pupils should be given an chance to joint these feelings through journaling and in-class treatment.

Analyzing Aspects of Service Recovery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analyzing Aspects of Service Recovery - Essay Example In relation to theoretical aspects of measuring service quality in healthcare, it is important to note that the issue of quality in healthcare services always generates immense pressure to the healthcare providers (Rubenstein 2006, p. 70). It is of paramount importance that the patients get assurance of quality care and services that they subscribe to. It is also reasonable when the customers and patients expectations are not only met but also clearly understood under the constraints the hospitals must operate in. It can be quite difficult to measure the quality of services because intangible specifications are the ones used to determine it. An example is colour, width, height, depth among others. Many organizations have chosen a methodology called SERVQUAL (service quality) to measure the quality of their services. It is a service quality questionnaire that uses 5 dimensions in its quest for quality. The five dimensions include: responsiveness, reliability, assurance, empathy and ta ngible qualities such as appearance of physical facilities among others. Each dimension is measured on a scale of 1 to 7 together with its expectation and perception. The weight of each point is done according to customer importance (Schoeman 1992). The score from each dimension is then multiplied by the weighting. After this, the expectation score is subtracted from the perception score to get the Gap Score. If the Gap Score is negative, it indicates that the actual service (the perception score) is below expectation (the expected score). The Gap is the reliable indicator of the five dimensions of service quality. Decision making models can help the health care sector to assess the perceived service quality in the sector (LaCombe 1995, p. 558). . The model rates performance of hospitals. Hospitals should put more emphasis on providing health care services with empathy, reliability and professionalism to give qualified services that are satisfactory. The hospitals can improve their service quality and better service delivery to their consumers if they addressed their individual issues highlighted by SERVQUAL methodology. Considering intergenerational service preferences in health service management and delivery, health care needs vary with age and health care for the older persons has generated a number of services and programmes. This is in response to the need of a more oriented and community-based care for the ageing population. In America, the young population is fast changing to the middle-age population. This has resulted to a greater demand for health care services and products and vast competition amongst the health care providers (Porter and Teisberg 2004, p. 66). The development of a health care plan for the elderly has been directed by a range of principles and concepts that influence it. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also come up with guidelines and policy statements through the WHO Active Ageing Policy Framework that influence the commun ity health care development program. The health care programs aim is to introduce value and new scope to the existing primary health care program by adding integrated social and health services. This will be achieved through a partnership with the public and private health care providers to meet the increasing needs of the elderly. The process of building a comprehensive program for the elderly requires consideration of some overarching facts as a guiding

Short paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short paper - Essay Example It can be said beyond doubt that academic education plays an important role in sharpening and broadening the minds of the students, however practical application of the theoretical studies do much more. Providing vocational education in the high schools also diversify the curriculum, providing students with greater learning and experience. If a person wishes to pursue a career in a technical field, he needs to have a solid foundation and practice to ensure a successful career. This foundation can be made if high schools offer optional vocational education to its students. Vocational education also prepares the students for their practical life by granting them exposure to the practical work. If the students get vocational education during their high school, they can also polish their skills by working part time in the related field; so that by the time, their high school is finished, they would be ready to follow their respective careers. Providing vocational education in high school also allows the students to recognize their interests so that, in future they can opt for a career that suits their liking. The market for skilled technical labor is constantly on the rise. Technical workers are hugely in demand and thus get high compensations for their work. For the country to fulfill its technical needs, it requires a greater supply of such labor. Not everyone plans on attending further education in university or college.

Cuban Missile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cuban Missile - Essay Example John F. Kennedy was the US president during this time of crisis. He therefore had to make swift moves to avoid going into war with the Soviet Union. As Robert Kennedy and Arthur Jr. Schlesinger portray in their book In Thirteen Days, they applaud John F. Kennedy for the way in which he handled the crisis.Kennedy’s team of Executive Committee of the National Security Council (ExComm) congregated and deliberated on different ways to deal with the crisis. As Robert puts it, they considered several options. The first one was invading Cuba, option two was ordering air strikes with the intention of taking out the missile areas, the other option was imposing a blockade around Cuba. This was aimed at keeping out the undelivered missiles. The fourth option they considered was presenting a private ultimatum to Nikita Khrushchev and in the event that the missiles were not removed, then a military action was to be taken. The fifth and the last option was to present some offer of trade for the missiles in Cuba and those in Turkey.The fifth option was fronted and therefore at the heart of the crisis Kennedy’s administration agreed to withdraw or remove the US missile s from the republic of Turkey and in exchange the Soviet Union was to also remove their nuclear forces from Cuba. The US central concession handled the matter in secret unlike the Soviet who came out in public. The US thought that the idea of withdrawing from the republic of Turkey would have seen the administration that was in place as weak.

Air Conditioner Using Engine Exhaust Heat

Air Conditioner Using Engine Exhaust Heat This paper describes the development possible in the field of vehicle air conditioning based on vapour absorption cooling. The cooling effect is produced by waste heat energy recovered from engine exhaust. The advantages of such a system are drastic reduction of fuel over consumption and emissions associated with vehicle air conditioner usage. The current air conditioning system used in automobile is based on vapour compression cycle which necessarily consists of a compressor driven by engine output and thus increases fuel consumption rate and pollution proportion. The introduction of vehicle air conditioning using vapour absorption cycle eliminates the need for compressor; here compressor is replaced by generator and absorber unit. Engine waste heat from exhaust gases is used as heat source for generator of vapour absorption system. This paper describes the development possible in the field of vehicle air conditioning based on vapour absorption cooling. Some limitations are outlined and suggestions for future improvement are pointed out. Keywords Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Cycle, Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle. Introduction Motivating factors for the designing this system is continuous optimization of the performance of internal combustion engines and the increasing utilization of air conditioning in vehicles, as it reaches the status of essential need for modern life. Internal combustion engines are potential energy sources for absorption refrigeration systems, as about one third of the energy availability in the combustion processes wasted through the exhaust gas. Thus, use of the exhaust gas in an absorption refrigeration system can increase the overall system efficiency. An automobile engine utilizes only about 35% of available energy and rests are lost to cooling and exhaust system. If one is adding conventional air conditioning system to automobile, it further utilizes about 5% of the total energy. Therefore automobile becomes costlier, uneconomical and less efficient. It also decreases the life of engine and increases the fuel consumption. For very small cars compressor needs 3 to 4 bhp, a significant ratio of the power output. Keeping these problems in mind, a car air conditioning system is proposed from recovery of engine waste heat using engine exhaust as source of generator for VARS. Introduction to VARS: Figure 1 Schematics of Ammonia Water Absorption Refrigeration System Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the basic aqua-ammonia refrigeration cycle. High pressure ammonia vapor enters the condenser, where it transfers heat to the neighborhood. Liquid ammonia leaves the condenser and passes through an expansion valve, reaching the evaporator pressure. The refrigerant then enters the evaporator, where it receives heat from the cold source, turning into low pressure vapor. In the sequence, ammonia vapor enters the absorber, where a weak solution of water and low concentration ammonia absorbs the refrigerant and, at the same time, transfers heat to the neighborhood. The solution has now a high ammonia concentration, and is pumped to the vapor generator, where it receives heat from an external source. The ammonia in the solution then evaporates, separating from water and flowing to the condenser to start a new cycle. A weak water-ammonia solution leaves the vapor generator and enters the absorber to absorb ammonia vapor from the evaporator. A heat exchanger betwee n the absorber and the vapor generator transfers heat from the weak solution leaving the vapor generator to the high ammonia concentration solution going into the vapor generator. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the absorption system is usually much lower in magnitude then the compression system. But this low value of the former is not of much importance since it uses the waste heat such as engine exhaust heat. The most important thing about VARS is even if the evaporator temperature falls, the same COP can be maintained by elevating the generator temperature .Hence the capacity of the system remains almost the same. Design procedure of heat extraction device: Since VARS is heat operated cycle we need heat extraction device to extract heat from high temperature source and to deliver this heat to the generator of system. In order to enhance the performance of the refrigeration cycle we need to optimize the design of the Heat Extraction device. Because of its simplicity in operation, less installation as well as maintenance cost, we select Heat Exchanger as heat extraction device. C:UsersLENOVODesktopA4heatex.jpg Figure2- Schematic of Heat Exchanger In order to find the dimensions of the Heat Exchanger we have to assume certain cooling capacity of the cooling system. Lets assume it as 2.5 kW that is Qref = 2.5 kW. Calculations for Heat Extraction Device that is in our case a Heat Exchanger are as follows Calculation for Ammonia site: Calculation of mass flow rate Qref = à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ *cp*(Tg Te ) (1) Where , cp specific heat capacity Tg Temperature of the generator Te Temperature of evaporator à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚  Mass flow rate From this equation we can determine mass flow rate of refrigerant. Calculation of velocity à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ =A*v*à Ã‚  (2) Where, à Ã‚  = density of the refrigerant (taken from design data book) A Flow Area for Refrigerant Ammonia In order to find A we have to take diameter of the tube according to availability in the market. v is the velocity of the refrigerant . Calculation of Reynolds number Re = (à Ã‚ *v*D)/ µ (3) Where D = diameter of the refrigerant tube  µ = dynamic viscosity of refrigerant at mean temperature (taken from design data book) Calculation of Prandtl number Pr = ( µ*Cp)/ k (4) Where, Cp = specific heat of the refrigerant k = thermal conductivity of the refrigerant Calculation of Nusselt number Calculation of the Nusselt number is based on the co-relations and the selection of the co-relation is based on the magnitude of the Re ,Pr , and the nature of the heat transfer surface. In our particular condition we select Gnielinski co-relation, since it involves less uncertainty (6%) so mathematical result will be more accurate. Nu = ((Æ’/2)* (Re 1000)*Pr)/ (1+12.7* (Æ’/2)1/2*((Pr)2/3 1)) (5) Where, Æ’ = friction factor its value depends on the Re Æ’= 0.079(Re)-0.25 4*103 Æ’=0.046(Re)-0.2 3*104 Calculation of convective heat transfer co-efficient Nu = (hr*D)/k (8) Where, hr = Convective heat transfer co-efficient k = Thermal conductivity of the ammonia Similar way we can find out these parameters for exhaust gases by following the same procedure. Calculation of Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Tm = (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T1-à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T2) / ln(à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T1/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T2) (9) Where, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T1 = Temperature difference between the exhaust inlet temperature and refrigerant exit temperature à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T2 = Temperature difference between exhaust outlet temperature and refrigerant inlet temperature Calculation of Total Thermal Resistance Qref =U*A *à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Tm (10) Since à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Tm / Qref is the total thermal resistance we will get the value of 1/ U*A Calculation of the length of heat exchanger Rtotal = Rconv.+Rcond.+Rconv. (11) 1/(U*A)= 1/(he*A) + (ln( ro/ri)) /(2à Ã¢â€š ¬*L*k) + 1/(href*A) (12) Where, he = Convective heat transfer coefficient of the exhaust gasses href = Convective heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant A = Heat Transfer Area From equation (12) we can easily calculate optimum value of the length of heat exchanger. Now Effectiveness of Heat Exchanger changes as Inlet Temperature Difference between hot exhaust gases and cool refrigerant varies. Effectiveness of Heat exchanger can be calculated by following procedure. Calculation of the effectiveness of the heat exchanger In case of the counter flow the effectiveness Ɇº is given by Ɇº = (1-EXP((-1+C)*NTU) /(1- C* EXP( (-1-C)*NTU)) (13) Where, NTU = Number of Transfer Unit NTU = (U*A)/(à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚  * CP)min. (14) C = Capacity Ratio C = (à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚  * CP)min / (à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚  * CP)max (15) Calculation of amount of heat transfer to the generator Ɇº = (actual heat transfer / maximum heat transfer) (16) Maximum heat transfer Qmax = à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ *CP*à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Tmax (17) Where, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Tmax = Maximum temperature difference between hot exhaust gases and cold refrigerant Using Equations (14) (15) we can calculate actual heat transferred to the generator of the VARS. Calculation of Coefficient of Performance (COP) of VARS COP= (Cooling Effect Produced / Heat Energy Input to Generator) (18) Since COP is the function of temperature we can calculate the COP by using following relation also, COP= (Te*(Tg-Ta))/ (Tg*(Ta-Te)) (19) Where Te = Temperature of the evaporator Tg = Temperature of the generator Ta = Temperature of absorber Results and Discussion: For optimization of design of heat extraction device, we need to determine and fix some parameters. Assume desired heat transfer to be 3 kW. Also we need to find out the specific temperature or temperature range of VARS generator so as to have optimum COP. Graph 1: Generator Temperature Vs COP of VARS From graph 1, it is clear that VARS system will have maximum COP in the generator temperature range of 118 °c (391 K) to 127 °c (400 K). Now we can fix the refrigerant outlet temperature. Furthermore we cannot reduce the exhaust gas temperature below certain level. Sudden drop in exhaust temperature will cause the exhaust gas to slow down. The drop in exhaust temperature can be accommodated by reducing the exhaust pipe diameter. After fixing the generator temperature i.e. , refrigerant outlet temperature, exhaust gas outlet temperature and refrigerant inlet temperature, the only parameter remaining is exhaust gas inlet temperature. Exhaust temperature varies with load conditions (no load to full load conditions) and driving conditions (idling to power mode). This results in to change in LMTD, due to which the overall heat transferred to refrigerant changes. As a result of change in exhaust gas inlet temperature the effectiveness of heat exchanger changes. As exhaust temperature increases effective heat transfer area required decreases as well as effectiveness of heat exchanger reduces. Optimum heat transfer area and effectiveness of heat exchanger is represented by graph 2. Graph 2: Optimum Heat Transfer Area, Effectiveness Vs Inlet Temperature Difference Effectiveness is the function of temperature difference between hot exhaust gases and cold refrigerant at inlet. As this temperature difference increases, effectiveness of heat exchanger decreases. Effectiveness of heat exchanger is not of prime concern. We can maintain the effectiveness to certain level by varying refrigerant inlet temperature by some means, for example, electric heating. It will maintain the temperature difference between two fluids at inlet. Small amount of energy will be utilized to elevate the refrigerant temperature. Prime concern of the study is to obtain desired cooling effect by utilizing exhaust waste heat. So effectiveness of heat exchanger can be compromised to certain level. Practically, COP of system will be much lower as compared to mathematically obtained values but sufficient to produce desired cooling effect efficiently. Graph 1 represents the theoretical values of COP obtained by equation (19). We have used these values to determine optimum generator temperature. After fixing the parameters of heat extraction device (Heat Exchanger), the practical values of COP are obtained by using equation (18). Graph 3 represents the practical values of COP. It is clear from graph 3 that as generator temperature rises from 118 °c to 127 °c, COP values drops to 73% and cooling effect obtained at a point is 2.8 kW and effectiveness of heat exchanger is about 50%. Graph 3: Generator Temperature Vs COP Conclusion From the above results we can say that it is possible to extract waste heat of the engine exhaust using heat exchanger. In order to increase the performance of VARS we have to operate heat exchanger at the optimum condition mentions in results. Some precaution we have to take care such as at the initial stages of engine operation performance of VARS is low, hence to get the same cooling effect we have heat ammonia generator using heating coil.

Demand Management and Fiscal Policy Essay examples -- Fiscal Policy In

Demand Management and Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy is the manipulation of aggregate demand using taxation and or government spending. The government tends to make most of its fiscal decisions in the annual budget, usually announced in March of each year. However, there are a number of problems in using fiscal policy to control aggregate demand - one of the most significant is the problem of time-lags. 1. Time Lags Many aspects of fiscal policy have a delayed effect on aggregate demand. Changing the fiscal stance can take some time to achieve. For example switching to an expansionary fiscal policy through increased government spending can take some time before the full multiplied effects are felt on the economy. If the government announced increased health service spending, there could be considerable delays, as various committees decide how best to allocate the new funding. Then, if some extra construction work is planned, contracts need negotiating and awarding, all before actual spending takes place. On top of all these delays, major capital projects such as new hospital extensions could themselves take some time to complete. The net effect is that there may be months if not years before the planned increased in government spending actually has its full effect on the economy. This scenario is equally appropriate if the government is intending to build more roads, employ more teachers, invest more in the military etc. Admittedly, a tax change is probably quicker to introduce, although often businesses need some advanced warning so they can accommodate any change - again building-in some delay. Question: So what is his the problem of this for demand management ? The danger is that if the government was attempting to reflate the economy ( ie boost AD ) because of a lack of demand and economic activity, by the time the expansionary fiscal policy takes effect - the economy could have entered an upswing. Thus the economy might end up being stimulated at exactly the most inappropriate time. This time lag in fiscal policy could lead to exaggerated swings in the trade cycle - increasing volatility and hence inducing more uncertainty. 2. Fine Tuning -------------- Fine tuning is difficult when using fiscal policy. This refers to the ability to manipulate taxes and spending plans to bring abo... ...there any benefits ? Alternatively, an interest rate decrease is likely to lead to some capital outflows and hence a weakening of the currency. 2. Interest rates and time lags There can be some delays before the full effects of interest rates change are felt on the economy. When the Bank of England push up rates for example, it will take some time for the full effects to filter through the economy. Some estimates put this delay as being as long as 18 months. This is because, some banks eg HSBC, NatWest may not immediately adjust their rates straight away. Even if they do, some individuals may have fixed rate loans or mortgages, or they have some period of fixed rate ( eg for the first 3 years of a mortgage). Therefore, these individuals will not have their discretionary income changed for some time. Individuals with outstanding amounts on credit cards may also benefit from a couple of months delay before they start to notice that their interest payments have started to rise. Nevertheless, interest rate changes are thought to be much faster acting that fiscal policy changes, as at least an interest change will have some immediate impact straight away.

Leaders and Followers: The roles we each play Essay

Introduction Throughout nursing history there have been great leaders. In every nurses career there are leaders we work with that we come to admire and may even attempt to emulate. As I continue my journey to becoming a Masters prepared nurse I will need to step up as a leader. It is a role that The Nurse Leader: New Perspectives on the Profession is providing the information and understanding of how I will need to progress. The question â€Å"Are you a leader or are you a follower?† is one I will now be able to answer. Followership Style Am I a leader or a follower? If I am a follower what type of follower am I? Followership is a term I had not heard before beginning this leadership class. Taking the Followership Style Test provided by Grossman & Valiga (2009, pg. 56-57) was interesting. Scoring a 3.7, my personal followership style is described as moderately participative or Independent worker; does not need close supervision just a bit of feedback. I actually was not surprised by the results of the test. I am an experienced nurse with more than 20 years working in and around surgical services. At this point in my career I am expected to function independently and work as a leader and resource for my peers. The * With information from the Learning Resources in mind, what implications does this score have for your role as a leader? I am independent of management in my daily work ethic†¦ * Were you surprised by the outcome of the test? If yes, explain how. If the results were consistent with your expectations, offer evidence to support that assertion. * How can information gained in this survey help you become a more effective follower? Role of a Follower * Describe a role in your professional life in which you would portray yourself as a follower. As a member of the Association of Operating Room Nurses (AORN) I am a follower. I utilize the standards established by AORN in my daily practice. My work ethic is an example to other staff members and peers. †¦. Based on what you know now about attributes of leadership, what are some things you might want to focus on in terms of developing more effective leadership skills? Grossman & Valiga (2009) describe nurse leaders as self-confident with a high degree of self esteem, and are visionary. Experienced nurses are looked to as resource nurses and mentors. Moving forward toward my goal of becoming a nurse educator I need to step forward into a leadership role more often than I do now. I need to develop a better sense of my leadership style and practice. ANA Bill of Rights and Leadership * Briefly, explain how the ANA Bill of Rights might be of value to you as follower or as a leader. The ANA Bill of Rights provides a frame work for nursing practice. A frame work of what is expected of us as professionals and what we can expect from employers, facilities and patients. Conclusion The answer to the question â€Å"Am I a leader or a follower†, is I am both. At this juncture of my career I tend to be a follower. As a future educator and mentor I am expected to be a leader. Lead by example and inspire those I work with to achieve more than they believed possible. was never one I considered before I began. know where I fall into each of these two distinct categories. Where do my strengths lie? What are the areas of improvement I need to examine so that I can become a leader and follower . References Grossman, S. C., & Valiga, T. M. (2009). Followership and empowerment. In S. C. Grossman & T. M. Valiga (Eds.), The new leadership challenge: creating the future of nursing (pp. 35-59). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.

World Conflict essays

World Conflict essays The 20th century was the bloodiest 100 years in human history. Based on numbers killed, in warfare, the 20th century exceeds all other centuries combined. The three major conflicts between 1901 and 200 were World War I, World War II, and the Cold War, respectively. At the turn of the millennium, a new type of conflict arose. This would come to be know as Modern Throughout the essay, how the various wars are linked to one another will be explained. Starting with WWII, the events will eventually lead to the end of the century all the way to our most current and somewhat ongoing conflict with terrorism. Many of the worlds nations were left in ruin after the first World War. The leaders of these countries were willing to do whatever it took to prevent another catastrophe such as WWI. Over 60 different countries formed the League of Nations under the Treaty of Versailles, hoping However, not all nations felt the same about these new ideals. Germany was one of them. The Germans were infuriated about how the treaty disarmed them and forced them to pay reparations. Germany was one of the nations hit hard by the post-war Great Depression. They needed someone to lead them in a time of struggle. That man would be Adolf Hitler. The first thing Hitler did after he rose to power was re-arm the German military, under direct violation of the Versailles Treaty. Then he made plans to take over Europe. Another fascist nation building up its army was Italy. Under Benito Mussolini, the Italians invaded Ethiopia. A few tried to stop Mussolini by boycotting the sale of arms to Italy, however, that failed and the aggression continued. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War broke out and gave Italy and Germany a chance to show off their power. The two would form an alliance know as the Axis Powers. Hitler and Germany began expanding. German troops moved across France&apos...

How to Supercharge Your Task Workflows With CoSchedule [DEMO]

How to Supercharge Your Task Workflows With [DEMO] You may have noticed that there are some changes to how tasks function inside your calendar. Were working hard to make sure were giving you all the control you need to have a successful workflow. Get familiar with all new changes and learn more about what is coming in the near future to help make your workflow simpler AND smoother inside of . How To Supercharge Your Task Workflows With The new task refresh now allows you to: Easily assign + schedule tasks with a single click (no more drop downs and triple clicks) Every task now has an added section for  more details  (so you can give your team the  context  they need to get the job done right). Prioritizing tasks (based on what matters to you) is now a thing (i.e. we won’t force you to prioritize by date). Take action  on tasks in your NEW task dashboard. Reorder and prioritize your tasks based on your workflow. You can now use the task dashboard for BOTH your personal + team to-do lists. Task Approvals (available on Team Pro plans and higher) is NOW a part of your workflow! Which means you can assign folks to review tasks, make decisions faster, and keep track of everything directly in .

Social Media called PATH Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Media called PATH - Assignment Example The decision to have limited contacts was based on psychological research findings that prescribe that people have a limit for workable social connections. In addition, there are limitations imposed together with the provision for users to personalize how they share each post to facilitate greater personal information sharing by ensuring it is confidential to the user’s social inner circle contacts. Operant conditioning theory comes in use in that the users’ minds have to adjust to maintain the ideal ethics while socializing; any failure to follow the social ethics risks the account termination. With too many social networks in the market, Path faces a great challenge upfront. Nowadays market favor only rigorous business minded entrepreneurs (Quester et al. p. 35). Many people are already contented with the social network they use so economic model of information search is handy. However, path has come up with a prudent tactic to lure more users using expectancy value theory. They intensify on the issue of having not to keep on managing friend list as with Facebook, so they ask you to join for a world of easy connection with people close to you. Path as a social site is primarily designed for a few friends. It was launched back in 2010, and was the only social media likely to grant Facebook an overwhelming challenge. However, the reputation in the market has been deteriorating and they have to get back into the market and utilize variety of marketing theories and convince people to use their software. Being concerned about the consumer should be the first priority in marketing of the social site. The consumption theory dictates that the management team should be aware of the needs of the consumers prior to making decisions. Motivational theories puts it that the social site user must be attracted by a certain motivational factors as privacy of the information and free accessibility of the site, a concept path has failed to

Research Proposal (E-waste Dumping & The Rule of Law in the 'Computer Paper

Proposal (E-waste Dumping & The Rule of Law in the 'Computer Village' Lagos - Nigeria. Synergizing Enforcement Process - Research Paper Example It is not for nothing that people stay in one continent and make purchases of goods from other continents without personally meeting the seller. Again, it is not for nothing that someone sits in the comfort of his home in Lagos and watch live soccer matches from the Stanford Bridge in London. All these processes are made possible by the pivoting power of technology. Technology may therefore be generally regarded as a good thing and the growth of it thereof (Koduah, 2003). However, it becomes worrying when technology and for that matter, globalization will not grow through the right approach. It is very important to appreciate the fact that any phenomenon; including globalization and technological advancement may be regarded as good but if it is implemented through a poor approach, the real essence of the phenomenon becomes defeated. 1.2 Statement of the Problem According to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the recent economic meltdown will â€Å"widen global inequalit y and plunge more of the African population into poverty† (Trevor, 2009). ... This situation is descried as electronic waste dumping (Cal Recycle, 2005). E-waste is generally argued to be an unfair way that the Western world is trying to bridge the gap in technological advancement that exists in Nigeria. Due to this, there have been calls and concerns from International, regional and local institutional environmental laws that guarantee public right to habitual health for critical scrutiny into the issue of e-waste dumping in Lagos. 1.3 Research Aims 1. To explain from a theoretical perspective what electronic waste dumping means. 2. To critically assess how rule of law in Lagos promotes or opposes electronic waste dumping in Lagos. 3. To identify specific enforcement processes in International, regional and local institutional environmental laws that guarantee public right to habitual health that are being abused as a result of electronic waste dumping in Lagos. 4. To give the root causes of electronic waste dumping in Lagos and by extension, Africa. 5. To fo recast what the eventual effects of electronic waste dumping would be for Africa and Lagos to be specific if the practice is made to continue. 1.4 Research Questions 1. What is the history behind electronic waste dumping in Lagos? 2. What factors have promoted the continuous existence of electronic waste dumping in Lagos? 3. What is the position of rule of law in opposing or promoting the electronic waste dumping cycle in Lagos? 4. How can international, regional and local agencies be instrumental in addressing the issue of electronic waste dumping in Lagos? 5. Does the continuous practice of electronic waste dumping have any long term adverse effect on Africa? 1.5 Justification of the Research Problem The successful

Bolsa Chica Wetlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bolsa Chica Wetlands - Essay Example It is assumed that the wetlands of Bolsa Chica provide shelter to a number of endangered species of flora and fauna. Recently the nature reserve of Bolsa China is also being used as a tourist-spot for nature-lovers. Since it is an important stop on the Pacific flyway of migratory birds, outbound travelers often grab the opportunity to come into the close contact of natural sceneries of the marshlands of Bolsa Chica. Apart from Bolsa Chica’s ecological importance, it has become a popular tourist spot, which provides the nature-lovers with a significant number of recreation activities such surf fishing for â€Å"perch, corbina, croaker, cabezon and sand shark†, bare-handed fishing for â€Å"California grunion, a species that only spawns on sandy southern California beaches†, bird-watching, etc. To the north and the South of Bolsa Chica Nature Reserve, there are the Warner Avenue and Seapoint Avenue, whereas there are residential areas on along border. Moreover, one can enjoy both the natural sceneries of Bolsa Chica and the oceanic beauty along the Pacific Coast Highway on the western border of Bolsa Chica. Though docent-led tour is available on the first, the second and the third Saturdays of each month, one can take a tour personal tour in these areas at any time of the year. The tours on the first Saturday and the third Saturday of each month are arranged by the â€Å"Amigos de Bolsa Chica† and the â€Å"Bolsa Chica Land Trust† from the South parking lots. Inbound nature-lovers can get a substantial knowledge about the areas’ weather, climate and geography from the Interpretive Center at Warner Ave. Bolsa Chica is endowed with some unique geographical features because of its more or less direct connection to the sea along its southern border. When we visited the area, the weather was somewhat cloudy. Though we guessed that it might rain, it did not happened finally. Before we reached there, we researched the weather st atus of Bolsa Chica by consulting the Bolsa Weather pages online. We learnt that the Bolsa Chica area has a typical weather which is applicable to any coastal area along the Tropic of Cancer. â€Å"A warm, dry Mediterranean climate,†, as it is said in Bolsa Chica page on Weather.com, â€Å"prevails over Southern California - inland it is hot in the summer, mild in the winter† (â€Å"Profile for Bolsa† pars. 3). August in Huntington is the warmest month, when the average temperature fluctuates between 900 F and 1050 F. In December, which is the coolest month, the average temperature oscillates from 200 F to 300 F. During the summer, frequent fogs prevail over the region and â€Å"most of the precipitation comes as rain† during the winter in December (â€Å"Profile for Bolsa† pars. 5). Since we visited Bolsa Chica at the end of July, the weather on our visiting day was neither foggy and nor rainy. Since Bolsa Chica stands very close to the coast of t he Pacific, the local climate remains almost moderate without much demarcation between the summer and the winters. Such moderate weather makes Bolsa Chica’s weather and climate different from the overall climatic pattern of California. Bolsa Chica, having all the characteristics of a wetland, is a rich habitat of a wide range of flora and fauna. A wetland is, indeed, a natural home of different species of birds, animals and plants. The â€Å"

ASPECT OF CONMTRACT Essay Example for Free

ASPECT OF CONMTRACT Essay Understanding the essential elements of a valid contract in a business context P1.1. Explain the importance of the essential elements required for the formation of a valid contract There are several important elements in order to form a valid contract. 1. Offer and Acceptance.- In order to create a valid contract , there must be a lawfull offer by one party and lawfull acceptance of the same by the other party 2. Intention to Create Legal Relationship- In case,there is not such intetion on the part of partyes, there is not contract. Agreements of social and domestic nature do not contemplate legal relations .Case ; Balfour vs Balfour (1919) 3. Lowfull Consideration. Consideration has been defined in various ways Acourding to Blackstone Consideration is recompense given by the party contracting to another in other words of Pollock Consideration is the price for wich the promise of the another is brought †¦.consideration is known as quid pro-quo or something in return 4. Capacity of Parties ;The parties to an agreement must be competent to contract. If either of the parties does not have the capacity to contract , the contract is not valid Accourding the following persons are incopetent to contract ; a -miners, b-persons of unsound mind c-person disqualifield by low to wich they ar subject 5. Lawfull Object.; The object of an agreement must be valid . Object has nothing to do with consideration it means to purpoase or design of the contract. This when one hires a house for use of a gambling house , the object of the contract is to run a gambling house 6. Legal formailities ; An oral Contract is a perfectly valid contract espect in those cases where writing registration etc,is required by some statute, in India writing is required in cases of sale, mortgage lease and gift on immovable propriety, negociable instrument etc 7. Certainity of Meaning; Acourding to Section 29; Agreement the meaning of wich is not Certain or capable of being made certain are avoid 8. Posibility of Performance; If the act is imposible in itselfe physically or legally if cannot be enforced at law. For example Mr A agrees with B to discover treasure by magic. SUCH agreements is not enforceable P1.2. Discuss the impact of different types of contract A contract is an agreement between two parties that must include an offer , an acceptance and a consideration .There are a variety of different types of contracts used for different purposes, in addition, certain types of contracts may be more popular in one jurisdiction than in another Bilateral and unilateral implied, viodable,executory and oral contractat are among the common types of contracts used throughout the world Bilateral contracts make up the majority of the contracts drafted. A bilateral contract consists of tho parties who are under an obligation to do something or refain from doing something. For example a contract for the sale of goods is a bilateral contract. The buyer promises to purchase the product and, in turn, the seller promises to supply the product P1.3. Analyse terms ic contract with reference to their meaning and effect The terms of an agreement may be so vague and indefinite that in reality there is no contract in existence at all. (Scammell v Quston (1941)). The presence of a vague term will not prove fatal in every case. The contract itself may provide any disputes about the operation of the agreement can be resolved. (Foley v Classique Ltd (1934)). A court can ascertain the terms of a contract by reference to a trade custom or a course of previous dealings between the parties. (Hillas Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd (1932)). A meaningless term which is subsidiary to the main agreement can be ignored and the rest of the contract enforced. (Nicolene Ltd v Simmonds (1953)). Express terms, are the details of a contract which have been specifically agreed between the parties. (Harling v Eddy (1951)). There are a number of express term that feature a standard contract such as exemption clauses, liquidated damages clauses and price variatio n clauses. This terms can effect a contract. For example liquidated damages clause can affect the term in a contract, because it lays down the amount of damages that will be payable in the event of a breach of a contract. Cancelation charges are an example of a liquidated damages clause. Implied terms, represent addition terms that are implied into an agreement. Those can be by custom (Hutton v Warren (1836), by common low (The Moorcock (1889)), or by statute. The most common being the sale or supply of goods Act 1979. Be able to apply the elements of a contract in business situations P2.1. Apply the elements of contract in a given business scenarios In the business scenario 1, at an auction sale the call for bids by an auctioneer is an invitation to treat, the bids are offers. The auctioneer selects the highest bid and acceptance is completed by the fall of the hammer. (Payne v Cave (1789)). Advertising a forthcoming auction sale does not amount to an offer to hold it. (Harris v Nickerson (1873)). An offer can be revoked at any time before the acceptance but it will only be effective when the oferee learns about it, and it is not necessary that the oferor himself should tell the oferee that the offer has been revoked. (Dikinson v Dodds (1876)). The case study shows that the offeror was Montblanc auction and Harry, Miss Kaur the oferee shown the intention to bid for pen fountain at Montblanc auction, willing to travel to Manchester for it, and she also shown intention to buy pen fountain from Harry but she did not decided 100%, therefore, even though the offer was expre ssed to be open until after lunch break, such offer can be revoked before the end of the time limit, because Miss Kaur did not agreed with the offer. A promise to keep an offer open will be binding if it can be enforced as a separate contract. A legally binding option will be created if the oferee provides some consideration in return for the offeror’s promise to keep the offer open. (Mountford v Scott (1975)). In the case study, Miss Kaur could have paid a deposit in advance to make sure she could still have the pen fountain. Consideration was shown between Harry and Miss Kaur, and each side promise something to the other party. This was not the case with the Mountblanc Auction, even if the auction for the pen collection supposed to be open, the parties did not enter into a consideration. Intention, the low is not concern itself with purely domestic or social arrangements. The parties must have intended their agreement to have legal consequences. In the first case Mountblanc auction showed the intention to offer for bid the pen fountain, and this was mention in the list of items to be auctioned, but because of one or another reason this was cancelled. On the other hand Harry shown the intention to wait until after lunch for Miss Kaur, but because it wasn’t any written contract between them, he decided to sell his pen fountain with a better price of  £1000, breaching the informal contract that he had with Miss Kaur. In the context of contract low, Miss Kaur cannot take any action against the auctioneer for the expense of her travel to the auction and she cannot take any action to  Harry for not selling the fountain pen to her. Business scenario 1, shows that the agreement between Charles, owner of a house, and Murphy, who supposed to make renovation in the house by a set amount of money ( £50.000), at a specific date. Secondly, consideration is shown in the case study where both parties agreed to give something in return. Charles agreed to pay  £50.000 for the house renovation, and Murphy agreed with the sum initially. Intention, is shown when Murphy asked for an increase in salary in order for the job to be done in time, even if Charles agreed initially, than he turn his back on the offer that he made, respecting only the legal terms from the contract. In this situation Murphy can’t make any legal action against Charles. Capacity, in this case both parties where capable of fulfilling their commitments. Charles paying for the service, Murphy capable of doing the service. Genuineness of cons cent appeared between parties, when the initial contract was formed. Here was the time for Murphy to argue for an increase in salary, and not at a later date. Legality element of the contract is present, because it is nothing illegal or contrary to public policy. P2.2. Apply the law on terms in different contracts A standard form contract (sometimes referred to as an adhesion or boilerplate contract) is a contract between two parties, where the terms and conditions of the contract are set by one of the parties, and the other party has little or no ability to negotiate more favourable terms and is thus placed in a take it or leave it position. Examples of standard form contracts are insurance policies (where the insurer decides what it will and will not insure, and the language of the contract) and contracts with government agencies (where certain clauses must be included by law or regulation). For example MetLife insurance company, has the terms of the contract are contained in a written document, the parties will be quite clear about what they have agreed to and this is likely to minimise the possibility of disputes a later stage. For example MetLife can make a contract of a life cover with a minimum of  £7, in which the client would know the standard terms and condition stipulated in the c ontract. It would be very time- consuming to negotiate individual terms with every customer, because the company is offering a standard service to a large number of people. Standard form, business-to-consumer contracts fulfil  an important efficiency role in the mass distribution of goods and services. These contracts have the potential to reduce transaction costs by eliminating the need to negotiate the many details of a contract for each instance a product is sold or a service is used. However, these contracts also have the ability to trick or abuse consumers because of the unequal bargaining power between the parties. For example, where a standard form contract is entered into between an ordinary consumer and the salesperson of a multinational corporation, the consumer typically is in no position to negotiate the standard terms. As example MetLife representative often does not have the authority to alter the terms, even if either side to the transaction were capable of understanding all the terms in the fine print. These contracts are typically drafted by corporate lawyers far away from where the underlying consumer and vendor transaction takes place. The danger of accepting unfair or unconscionable terms is greatest where these artful drafters of such contracts present consumers with attractive terms on the visible or â€Å"shopped† terms of most interest to consumers, such as price and quality, but then slip one-sided terms benefiting the seller into the less visible, fine print clauses least likely to be read or understood by consumers. For example a customer of MetLife can be assured for accident protection, but there are only a specific accident that the company may cover the client. In many cases, the consumer may not even see these contracts until the transaction has occurred. In some cases, the seller knows and takes advantage of the knowledge that consumers will not read or make decisions on these unfair terms.(Standard Form of Contracts, 2014). P2.3. Evaluate the effect of different terms in given contracts In the business scenario 4, terms stipulated in the contract are the payment for the research assistant ( £25000) and the working hours, witch in this case are â€Å"whatever hours are necessary to complete the assignments given to her†. Section 1 of Employment Rights Act 1996 that in fact requires the employer to state the amount of hours worked by the employee. Disciplinary procedures had to be insert in the terms of a contract, where, for example Miss Y had to receive a number of warnings that will be given to her before suspension or dismissal, for her behaviour of wearing trousers and not a dress, on the morning of 2nf June. Because of this terms of the contract, Miss Y can  appeal to grievance procedures that relate to complains in regard to any aspect of the employment with witch the employee is not satisfied. In this case dismissal for asserting the right is automatically unfair and there is no service requirements by reason of section 104 of the ERA 1996. (Riches, S. Allen, V. 2011). Under the Employment Act 2002, Miss Y can claim compensation for unfair dismissal. She can also claim because of the Working Time Regulation (SI 1998/1833),where is stipulated that the employee has a maximum of 48 of work a week, a daily rest of period at least 11 consecutive hours in 24 hours, and in work rest break of 20 minutes for those working more them 6 hours daily. Miss Y, could also claim compensation and Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, if the court finds that she receives medical treatment for depression due to the employment environment. Understand principles of liability in negligence in business activities P3.1. Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability Tort liability arises out of a civil wrong, for example, people who do business, sole proprietor or in a partnership are liable for the torts committed by themselves and for torts committed in the course of the business by their agent and/or partners. However, one may avoid tort liability for the acts of business associates if they operate their business as a corporation or a limited liability company. Thus, the choice of entity is too perceived to have potential benefit if one is concerned about limiting one’s tort liability. Regardless of what type of business organization a person is liable for torts committed by himself, if for example he/ she is driving the company vehicle and are involved in an accident the other party is liable if he/she negligently operated the vehicle whether he/she operate as a corporation, partnership or sole proprietor. (Business Law, 2014). Contractual Liability, appears when a corporation or a limited liability company may protect one’s pe rsonal assets should the operator incur a significant contractual liability from the business operation. For example, a building contractor signs a contract to construct an office building for a business client and fails to meet the contractual deadline, the business client holds the contractor liable for consequential damages profits lost for the time the client is not able to occupy the new building. Particularly in the construction area, contractual  liability may exceed simply the contract price. So long as one does not personally guarantee the contract of the business entity, his or her personal assets, assets owned outside the corporation or LLC, are protected as the corporate operator should not be personally liable for the corporate debts, contracts and contractual liabilities. Often, however, people dealing with corporations demand that the principals of the corporation personally guarantee the contracts. (Business Law, 2014). P3.2. Explain the nature of liability in negligence Liability of negligence appears when a claimant is able to prove that: â€Å"the defendant owed him a legal duty of care; the defendant was in breach of their duty; and the claimant suffered injury or loss as a result of the breach†. (Riches, S. Allen, V. 2011:348). For example a producer of goods may be liable to a consumer for loss and damage caused by his defective product under the tort of negligence. A consumer must establish the manufacturer owed him a duty of care. In Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) case, House of Lords established the principles that a manufacturer was a duty of care to all persons who are likely to come into contact with his goods. The breach in duty occurs if the fallowing factors such as the like hood that the damage or injury will be incurred, the serious of any damage or injury, the cost and ease of taking precautions and the social need for the activity. (Balton v Stone (1951). In the final part the claimant has to prove that he suffered damage if t his damage was caused by a negligent misstatement as in the case of Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller and Partners Ltd (1963), or it was consequent upon foreseeable physical injury or damage to property such in the case of Junior Brooks Ltd v Veitcho Co Ltd (1982). P3.3. Explain how a business can be vicariously liable Employers can be held vicariously liable for acts of negligence or omission on the part of their employees in the course of employment even if the employer did not authorise or was unaware of the acts in question. To mount a successful defence, an employer must demonstrate either that the employee was not negligent or that the employee was acting in an individual capacity unrelated to the business of the employer. In some circumstances employers may also be liable for the misdemeanours of their independent contractors or  workers employed by a third party, such as an agency. For example, this applies where the employer authorises the wrongful act or had overall responsibility that could not be delegated. For example an employee that works for a catering agency, who does wrong doing at one of the clients that the agency is sending him to work for, the agency can be responsible for. The main deciding factor as to which employer has the responsibility for a sub-contractor or agency worker is that of control. The employer who gives direction and instructions for the work to be conducted will usually be the one to bear responsibility for misdemeanours carried out during the course of that work. If more than one employer can be identified as having control over the work of the employee then the principle of dual vicarious liability may apply. This is a principle introduced by the decision of Lord Justice May in the recent case of Via systems (Tyneside) Limited v Thermal Transfer (Northern) Limited Others. The case involved compensation for a flood at a factory which had been caused by the sub-contractor of a sub-contractor. In his ruling, Lord Justice May decided that more than one employ er could be subject to a claim and that the amounts awarded should be split equal unless it could be clearly demonstrated that one party bore more of the responsibility than the other. This courageous decision overturned the principle established in Laugher v Pointer in 1826 that only one employer could be held vicariously liable. (Vicarious Liability, 2014). Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations P4.1. Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in different business situations The tort of negligence is concern with certain kinds of careless conduct with cause damage or loss to others. As explain in task 3.2. There are three factors to consider. Firstly duty of care, if this duty is break and if the other party suffered any damages. In the Business Scenario 5 it is presented the fact that a UK ship was taking oil in Sydney harbour, spilling oil in the water, and because of a spark it set fire to a wharf witch was at 200 yards distance. The case also shows that safety precaution were taken but does not explain how. On the one hand, it can be argued therefore that the duty of care of the UK ship was broken, because the ship supposed to take more precautions on the duty of care and harm any neighbour. The defendant has break their duty of care  because the likelihood of an accident such as this could be foreseen. On the other hand, it can be argued that the defendant can claim â€Å"res ipsa loquitur†, witch mean that the facts spick for themselves, and it can be prove to court that the UK ship took enough safety precaution to avoid any accident, therefore the defendant would not be seen as negligent. The condition must be satisfied for res ipsa to come to play are in case of the event which caused the accident must have been the defendant’s control, witch in this case can be argued that it was, and the accident must be in such nature that it would not have occurred if proper care had been taken by the defendant, witch again could be argued that the ship took enough safety precaution. The damage that occur after this accident was that the claimant suffered damaged on his wharf, thereby he has to prove in court that this damages was made as a consequences of the UK ship actions in the harbour. In the case of Business Scenario 6, the negligence was made by Shell, because they had failed to provide protection goggles to Bell while he was working in spite of the fact that this was not a normal practice at the firm. Negligence was also made but the employee Bell, because firstly he supposed to protect himself especially because he had lost one eye, and he could have been more precaut. The breach of duty was made by Shell, because the job that Bell has implied vehicle maintenance, and while working with materials such as metals, the company should have provided protection for Bell under the Consumer Protection Act 1987. Bell, can therefore claim compensation for its employee negligence towards him, because he suffered injury while working at Shell Company. P4.2. Apply the elements of vicarious liability in given business situations Low states that an employer is liable for damage caused to another person by his employee, while the employee was caring out his work. The employer is liable even though he was not in any way at fault, and this rule even if seems to be unfair for the employer, it is based upon the law and policy. Employer and employee are regarded as â€Å"associated parties† in the business in which both are engaged. In the Business Scenario 7 and 8, Alf and Amos Bridge breach their contractual duties, therefore because they were acting at work, the employer is automatically consider guilty as well by the court. References: 1. Business Law, Available at: http://pullman-wa.com/law/businessLaw.htm, [Accessed on 12.03.2014]; 2. Riches, S. Allen, V. (2011), Keenan and Riches’ BUSINESS LAW, 10th (ed), Pearson: London; 3. Standard form Contracts, Available at: http://faircontracts.org/what-are-standard-form-contracts, [Accessed on 15.03.2014]; 4. Vicarious Liability , Available at : http://www.uktrainingworldwide.com/BB/VicariousLiability.htm; [Accessed on 13.03.2014];

Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout

Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout Introduction: Despite the development of oil and gas industry technology, Wellbore instability remains one of non productive time that cost industry billions every year. wellbore instability has been one of the well planning stage and been studied widely (Bradley,1979; Bell, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003; Gentzis et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009; Ding, 2011). Drilling through a formation led to stress changing a round the borehole due to rock removal. In this analysis, mud weight pressure is the controllable parameter during the drilling. The mud weight pressure effects can cause two failure mechanisms which are shear failure (breakout) and tensile failure (fracturing), these problems consider as the main wellbore failure. Borehole breakout happens when the mud weight is lower than expected. in other word, the breakout failure occurs when the stress imposed by drilling mud lower than compressive strength. On the other hand, higher mud weight can lead to tensile failure due to invade of mud into the fo rmation. The consequences behind these problems are stuck pipe, reaming operation, lost circulation, and sidetracking. To eliminate these problems many parameters should be considered such us rock strength, pore pressure, in-situ stress, and stress orientation. Furthermore, breakout and fracturing can be diminishing or eliminate by choosing the suitable mud weight for drilling. By using a constitutive model to predict the stresses around the wellbore connected with a failure criteria, Strength of reservoir rocks can be calculated. Hence, selection of the suitable failure criteria will consider as the main part of wellbore stability analysis. Borehole breakout is an enlargement and elongation of wellbore in a particular direction and it considers as the important indicators to predict the orientation of min. horizontal stress. This enlargement can be predicted by using 4-6 arm caliper tool, Optical imaging log, resistive image log, and acoustic image log (Jaeger et al.,2009; Bell and Gough, 1979; Zoback et al.,1985).   Figure (1) shows wellbore enlargement pattern via 4 arm caliper. The 4 arms caliper has 4 pads in two calipers (pad 1 and 3) represent Caliper 1 (C1) and (pad 2 and 4) represent caliper 2 (C2). The diameter of the hole can be identified from those two calipers. Fig 1a represents an in-gauge hole cause C1 and C2 have same reading of bit size. In contrast 1C shows a severe washout in hole size and caliper reading show this enlargement. Stand on well logs data and empirical equations, the rock strength and mechanical properties can be obtained (Rahimi, 2014). (Westergarrd. 1940) in-situ stress can be obtained by elastic characteristic equations. Also, from elastoplastic characteristic equation in-situ stress can be calculated (chang et al., 2006). As well , (LOT) and mini frac. test can help us to determine in-situ stresses (Bardley 1979b). Many models have been built to determine the induced stress in a circular well and predict the suitable mud pressure by using Failure criteria. In this analysis, three failure criteria have been used to predict the proper mud weight in the Nahr Umr formation in southern Iraq. The three failure criteria are Mohr-coulomb, Mogi-coulomb, and modified lade. Fig (1) Caliper log responses due to wellbore enlargement (Tingay ) Geological properties of the field and the target reservoir. The H oil filed is a land-based field located in southeastern Iraq between the city of  Basra and the Kuwait border (Figure 2). The field is an anticline that runs roughly north-west to south-southeast approximately 60 km long and 10-15 km wide. The anticline of H field has four domes divided by saddles, from the northwest to southeast these are: Al-Hamar Shuaiba Rafidyah Safwan Fig (3) The four domes in H filed The discovered reserves are contained in five reservoirs: Mishrif, Nahr Umr, Zubair 3rd Pay, Zubair 4th Pay and Yamama. (Figure 3) represents well stratigraphic. Nahr Umr Formation is an interesting potential water source zone due to the abundance of log data through the unit, water salinity that is compatible with the Mishrif and Zubair Formation waters, and the reported extent and strength of the aquifer. It is composed mainly of Sandstone interbedded with streaks of (Shale, Siltstone Limestone). Average thickness of Nahr Umr formation is +/- 260 m and the porosity exceed 25% with an average of 20% permeability ranges from 1000 md to 9000 md. Depends on information from more than fifteen wells, shear failure has been noticed in Nahr Umr formation specially at the shale layers. This breakout has been shown on shale shaker and by caliper log. Fig (4) stratigraphic of H field

Structure in Sophocles Antigone Essay -- Antigone essays S

Structure in Sophocles' Antigone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Aristotle in his Poetics (chap. 7) says: ?[L]et us now discuss the proper structure of the plot, since this is the first and most important thing in tragedy? (1033). M. H. Abrams says that ?almost all literary theorists since Aristotle have emphasized the importance of structure, conceived in diverse ways, in analyzing a work of literature? (300). The matter of the structure of Sophocles? Antigone is a subject of varying interpretation among literary critics, as this essay will reveal. Gilbert Murray, professor at Oxford University in England, cites structure as one of the reasons why he chose Sophocles to translate. Then he elaborates on this structure: ?But Sophocles worked by blurring his structural outlines just as he blurs the ends of his verses. In him the traditional divisions are all made less distinct, all worked over the direction of greater naturalness. . . .This was a very great gain. . . .? (107). Murray here refers to Sophocles? modification of the classic structure for tragic drama. This is distinct from what Aristotle above refers to as the ?structure of the plot.? The classic structure for drama includes: Prologue ? everything up to the chorus; Parodos ? the chorus? sings; First Episode ? development of plot by main character(s); First Stasimon ? the chorus again; Repetition of Episodes and Stasimons until the climax is near; Exodos ? the climax, crisis, and catastrophe. As Murray notes, Sophocles does not adhere to the classical structure as rigid ly as other dramatists of the period. Aristotle?s ?structure of the plot? is what most literary critics mean when they refer to the ?structure? of Antigone. In Chapter 18 of the Poetics Aristotle states: ?Ever... ...s Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Murray, Gilbert. ?A Great Translator?s Reflections on Oedipus the King.? In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1997.    Segal, Charles Paul. ?Sophocles? Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone.? In Sophocles: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Sophocles. Antigone. Translated by R. C. Jebb. The Internet Classic Archive. no pag. http://classics.mit.edu/Sophocles/antigone.html    ?Sophocles? In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Woodard, Thomas. Introduction. In Sophocles: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.